20

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When is a space in a URL encoded to +, and when is it encoded to %20?

Cole Johnson
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BC.BC.
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4 Answers

From Wikipedia (emphasis and link added):

When data that has been entered into HTML forms is submitted, the form field names and values are encoded and sent to the server in an HTTP request message using method GET or POST, or, historically, via email. The encoding used by default is based on a very early version of the general URI percent-encoding rules, with a number of modifications such as newline normalization and replacing spaces with '+' instead of '%20'. The MIME type of data encoded this way is application/x-www-form-urlencoded, and it is currently defined (still in a very outdated manner) in the HTML and XForms specifications.

So, the real percent encoding uses %20 while form data in URLs is in a modified form that uses +. So you're most likely to only see + in URLs in the query string after an ?.

Timothy Jones
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JoeyJoey
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This confusion is because URLs are still 'broken' to this day.

Take 'http://www.google.com' for instance. This is a URL. A URL is a Uniform Resource Locator and is really a pointer to a web page (in most cases). URLs actually have a very well-defined structure since the first specification in 1994.

We can extract detailed information about the 'http://www.google.com' URL:

If we look at a more complex URL such as:

'https://bob:bobby@www.lunatech.com:8080/file;p=1?q=2#third'

we can extract the following information:

I've been searching now for about 3 or 4 hours for a solution to this issue, apparently there was quite a few people plagued by it before, so I've tried some of their fixes, back dating my driver, etc, and nothing has worked, it still crashes after about 3 minutes of idle, or even faster if I do anything that uses the network. Intel i217v 1 x gigabit lan controller driver asus crosshair 7.

The reserved characters are different for each part.

For HTTP URLs, a space in a path fragment part has to be encoded to '%20' (not, absolutely not '+'), while the '+' character in the path fragment part can be left unencoded.

Now in the query part, spaces may be encoded to either '+' (for backwards compatibility: do not try to search for it in the URI standard) or '%20' while the '+' character (as a result of this ambiguity) has to be escaped to '%2B'.

This means that the 'blue+light blue' string has to be encoded differently in the path and query parts:

'http://example.com/blue+light%20blue?blue%2Blight+blue'.

From there you can deduce that encoding a fully constructed URL is impossible without a syntactical awareness of the URL structure.

This boils down to:

You should have %20 before the ? and + after.

Peter Mortensen
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Matas VaitkeviciusMatas Vaitkevicius
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I would recommend %20.

Are you hard-coding them?

This is not very consistent across languages, though.If I'm not mistaken, in PHP urlencode() treats spaces as + whereas Python's urlencode() treats them as %20.

EDIT:

It seems I'm mistaken. Python's urlencode() (at least in 2.7.2) uses quote_plus() instead of quote() and thus encodes spaces as '+'.It seems also that the W3C recommendation is the '+' as per here: http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/interact/forms.html#h-17.13.4.1

And in fact, you can follow this interesting debate on Python's own issue tracker about what to use to encode spaces: http://bugs.python.org/issue13866.

EDIT #2:

I understand that the most common way of encoding ' ' is as '+', but just a note, it may be just me, but I find this a bit confusing:

the Tin Man
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Rui VieiraRui Vieira
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A space may only be encoded to '+' in the 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded' content-type key-value pairs query part of an URL. In my opinion, this is a MAY, not a MUST. In the rest of URLs, it is encoded as %20.

In my opinion, it's better to always encode spaces as %20, not as '+', even in the query part of an URL, because it is the HTML specification (RFC-1866) that specified that space characters should be encoded as '+' in 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded' content-type key-value pairs (see paragraph 8.2.1. subparagraph 1.)

This way of encoding form data is also given in later HTML specifications. For example, look for relevant paragraphs about application/x-www-form-urlencoded in HTML 4.01 Specification, and so on.

Here is a sample string in URL where the HTML specification allows encoding spaces as pluses: 'http://example.com/over/there?name=foo+bar'. So, only after '?', spaces can be replaced by pluses. In other cases, spaces should be encoded to %20. But since it's hard to correctly determine the context, it's the best practice to never encode spaces as '+'.

I would recommend to percent-encode all character except 'unreserved' defined in RFC-3986, p.2.3

The implementation depends on the programming language that you chose.

If your URL contains national characters, first encode them to UTF-8 and then percent-encode the result.

Maxim MasiutinMaxim Masiutin

protected by user7116Oct 5 '11 at 22:22

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← 19 20 21 →
List of numbers — Integers
Cardinaltwenty
Ordinal20th
(twentieth)
Numeral systemvigesimal
Factorization22× 5
Divisors1, 2, 4, 5, 10, 20
Greek numeralΚ´
Roman numeralXX
Binary101002
Ternary2023
Quaternary1104
Quinary405
Senary326
Octal248
Duodecimal1812
Hexadecimal1416
Vigesimal1020
Base 36K36
Look up twenty in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

20 (twenty) is the natural number following 19 and preceding 21. A group of twenty units may also be referred to as a score.[1][2]

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  • 2In science

In mathematics[edit]

An icosahedron has 20 faces
  • 20 is a tetrahedral number as 1, 4, 10, 20.[3]
  • 20 is the basis for vigesimal number systems.
  • 20 is the third composite number to be the product of a squared prime and a prime, and also the second member of the (22)q family in this form.
  • 20 is the smallest primitive abundant number.[4]
  • An icosahedron has 20 faces. A dodecahedron has 20 vertices.
  • 20 can be written as the sum of three Fibonacci numbers uniquely, i.e. 20 = 13 + 5 + 2.
  • The product of the number of divisors and the number of proper divisors of 20 is exactly 20.
  • 20 is the number of moves (quarter or half turns) required to optimally solve a Rubik's Cube in the worst case.[5][6]

In science[edit]

  • The atomic number of calcium.
  • The third magic number in physics.
  • The International Astronomical Union shower number for Coma Berenicids.

Biology[edit]

  • The number of proteinogenicamino acids that are encoded by the standard genetic code.
  • In some countries, the number 20 is used as an index in measuring visual acuity. 20/20 indicates normal vision at 20 feet, although it is commonly used to mean 'perfect vision'. (Note that this applies only to countries using the Imperial system. The metric equivalent is 6/6.) When someone is able to see only after an event how things turned out, that person is often said to have had '20/20 hindsight'.

Abc 20 20 Last Night

As an indefinite number[edit]

  • A 'score' is a group of 20 (often used in combination with a cardinal number, i.e. fourscore to mean 80), but also often used as an indefinite number[7] (e.g. the newspaper headline 'Scores of Typhoon Survivors Flown to Manila')[8]

In sports[edit]

A standard dartboard is laid out as 20 sectors
  • Twenty20 is a form of limited overscricket where each team plays only 20 overs.
  • A standard dartboard is laid out as 20 sectors.
  • The Kentucky Derby currently has a maximum field of 20 horses.
  • In rugby union, 20 national teams currently qualify for each edition of the Rugby World Cup.
  • In chess, 20 is the number of legal moves for each player in the starting position.

2018 Calendar

Age 20[edit]

  • Formerly the age of majority in Japan and in Japanese tradition.[9]
  • Age 20 is the age at which Levites in the time of King David were allowed 'to do the work for the service of the house of the Lord', the Temple in Jerusalem (see First Chronicles Chapter 23, verses 24 and 27). In the time of Ezra and Nehemiah, following the Babylonian captivity, it was Levites from the age of 20 upwards who were assigned 'to oversee the work of the house of the LORD' (Ezra Chapter 3, verse 8).

In other fields[edit]

  • +20 is the code for international direct dial phone calls to Egypt.
  • CB slang for a place, being short for the ten-code '10–20' meaning 'What is your location?'
  • 20/20 is a late-night newsmagazine program on ABC, which in turn is taken from the expression for perfect eyesight (20/20 vision).
  • 020 is the ISO 3166-1 numeric 3 digit country code for Andorra.
  • The UIC Country Code for Russia identifying member countries of the International Union of Railways (UIC).
  • 20 is the value of the letter J when computing the check digit in the serial number of an intermodal (shipping) container, as defined by ISO 6346.
  • In Hebrew numerals, the letter Kaph (כ) represents twenty; see also gematria, the Hebrew system of numerology. Similarly the Arabic letter kāf (ك) represents twenty in the Abjad numerals.
  • The number of questions in the game Twenty Questions.

See also[edit]

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References[edit]

  1. ^John H. Conway and Richard K. Guy, The Book of Numbers. New York: Copernicus (1996): 11. 'Score' is related to 'share' and comes from the Old Norse 'skor' meaning a 'notch' or 'tally' on a stick used for counting. .. Often people counted in 20s; every 20th notch was larger, and so 'score' also came to mean 20.'
  2. ^[1]
  3. ^'Sloane's A000292 : Tetrahedral numbers'. The On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences. OEIS Foundation. Retrieved 2016-05-31.
  4. ^'Sloane's A071395 : Primitive abundant numbers'. The On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences. OEIS Foundation. Retrieved 2016-05-31.
  5. ^'God's Number is 20'. Cube20.org
  6. ^Jonathan Fildes (August 11, 2010). 'Rubik's Cube quest for speedy solution comes to an end'. BBC News.
  7. ^'Biblical Criticism', The Classical Journal36:71:83ff (March 1827) full text
  8. ^'CBS News', Scores of Typhoon Survivors Flown to Manila (November 2013) [2]
  9. ^'Japan's Age of Majority Changed to 18 - Living the Japon.com'. www.japan-experience.com. Retrieved 19 March 2018.

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